3.14 (h)). (Sect.2.5 (b)). 4. chlorine and copper) that are added to the water to maintain water quality standards. Records must be kept documenting the time when all such samples were taken and the results of the sampling. Moreover, not everyone can be a vegetarian, and those who are not vegan dont see anything wrong with eating meat or wearing fur, but they do take exception with their rights being imposed on. The Animal Welfare Act of 1996, also called the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act, was an act signed into law on August 24, 1966, by former President Lyndon B. Johnson. The Act also has an offense to remove the scent glands of skunks. 3.112 (c)). Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Nonhuman primates must be confined in primary enclosures that meet the requirements of section 3.87 (a),(b),(c),(d) and (e). F or centuries, humans have used animals for food, clothing, companionship, and other purposes. Instructions for the administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. Blur the lines between human and animal rights If animals are viewed as humans, distinction between the two species will be blurred. (3) Records of any exemptions must be maintained by the dealer or exhibitor and must be made available to USDA officials upon request. 2.1 (a)(2)). A mechanism of direct and frequent communication is also required so that timely and accurate information on problems of animal health, behavior, and well-being is conveyed to the attending veterinarian. The scientists used monkeys and rodents as their primary test subjects. Question is why, are the laboratory experiment animals are not protected and treated well. the future of animal welfare in the UK will be. There is only one fundamental right: To live successfully, a man has to make his own choices as well as animals too (Roleff,2014,p.33). In the case of a part-time attending veterinarian or consultant arrangements, the formal arrangements shall include a written program of veterinary care and regularly scheduled visits to the premises of the dealer or exhibitor;". At the zoo, guests get to learn about various species of animals they wouldn't otherwise get to see up close in the wild. Save Paper 2 Page 256 Words (Sect. "The Blue Book" contains the most up-to-date version (May 2022) of the AWAand its regulations. Increased trade: NAFTA more than tripled trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States after it was enacted. (Sect. (Sect.2.126 (a)(4)). (Sect. From Subchapter A--Animal Welfare, 9 C.F.R. The certificate shall include the information set forth in section 3.112 (b)(1)-(4). NAFTA has six main advantages, according to a Congressional Research Service report prepared in 2017. A copy of such certificate shall accompany the shipment to destination. By signing the Bill of Rights, we agree that animals, like all sentient beings, are entitled to basic legal rights in our society. The concept of animal rights is based on the idea that some or all non-human animals have a right to live their own lives and to be viewed as persons rather than property. Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment. Out of all of the acquired publications, only 59% of them proclaimed their studys goal, the amount of animals that they used, and important traits of their test subjects. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requires wholesale breeders and dealers who supply animalsto pet stores, brokers, or research facilities to be licensed with USDA. (Sect. (2) The animals remain under the total control and responsibility of the dealer or exhibitor. (Sect. 3.89 (a)). Contribution to conservation efforts. Instructions for administration of drugs, medication, and other special care must be attached to each primary enclosure in a manner that makes them easy to notice, to detach for examination, and to reattach securely. (b) (1) Every dealer and exhibitor, except auction sales and brokers, shall make and maintain records or forms for animals other than dogs and cats, acquired, held, transported, or disposed of, as required in section 2.75 (b)(1)-(3). 3). They have been prepared by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) in order to assist the reader in understanding the Act. 4. With much of our diet coming from animal muscle protein, such a legal structure would change the entire agricultural community and potentially create many more food deserts throughout the world. (Sect.2.80 (a)). (Sect. (b) Water and power supply. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Animal exploitation groups, Animal use groups, Animal use group examples and more. The animals which are in testing facilities are fully vaccinated, provided food, water, and shelter, while being able to have a limited amount of . Breeders and dealers are required to meet the minimum standards of humaneanimalcare and treatment established by the AWA. Farmers use the most efficient methods which lower the prices for the consumer. On e copy of the record must accompany each shipment of any dog or cat. Some of the most obvious advantages of public welfare include a greater level of equality amongst citizens, happier people, and less crime. Throughout its 25-year history, the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment has been regularly updated to include at each stage the latest authenticated developments in animal welfare science thinking. Animals in research and teaching The Animal Welfare Act of 1966, was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and its the only Federal law in the United States that regulated treatment and care of animals in research. This is in contrast to animal welfare legislation, which assumes that some conditions are unavoidable collateral. Section numbers are provided for reference. 3.81 (e)). Match. It is the only federal law that regulates the treatment of animals in research, transport, exhibition, and by dealers. It would be even more immoral if test subjects used are humans themselves. 3.81). Some well-known certification programs include Certified Humane Certification Program, Global Animal Partnership, Animal Welfare Approved, and Food Alliance. However, many animal activist groups such as, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), have spoken out against the issue. 3.61 (f)). Preventing animals suffering This means enforcement agencies and our inspectors can now act by advising and educating owners before their pets suffer. Section 2.8 Notification of change of name, address, control, or ownership of business. 2.11 Conclusions and implications. So why mess with the works of Mother Nature? Then again, if animals are hurt or killed because of human activities, our planets ecosystem will be damaged and will lead to destruction of all humans and non-human animals. The management of the facility, at which the marine mammal died, must maintain these necropsy records for a period of 3 years and present them to Department inspectors when requested." However, the Animal Welfare Act is the only . 3.35 (c)). Nature has a very delicate system that will cause a chain reaction if disturbed. Once a farmer is enrolled, animal welfare audits are conducted to ensure the certification program's standards are being met. Regulations to promote welfare Licensing and registration 13. 3.36 (g)). (h) Documents accompanying the shipment shall be attached in an easily accessible manner to the outside of the primary enclosure. (d) "A dealer who acquires a live dog or cat from another dealer must obtain from that dealer the certification required by paragraph (b) of this section and must attach that certification (including any previously attached certification) to the certification which he or she provides pursuant to paragraph (b) of this section (a photocopy of the original certification will be deemed a duplicate original if the dealer does not dispose of all the dogs or cats in a single transaction)." (Sect. For example, the People For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) wrote an article regarding the Animal Welfare Act and its inefficiency in protecting lab animals. Written contingency plans must be submitted to and approved by the AC Deputy Administrator regarding emergency sources of water and electric power in the event of failure of the primary sources, when such failure could reasonably be expected to be detrimental to the good health and well-being of the marine mammal housed therein." Welfare programs help people during their greatest time of need. Abandonment of Animals Act 1960 Under this legislation, it is an off ence to release any wild animal that is not in a fi t state to survive in the wild. These groups claim animal testing to be inhumane. 2.1 (e)(1)). If lost or stray, the pound or shelter records shall provide the information required in section 2.132 (e)(2)(i)-(iv). 1.1). Social grouping is one of the most significant psychological factors in the lives of. After enduring lives of pain, loneliness and terror, almost all of them will be killed, (Animal Testing 101). Even though the new trucks held fewer birds, innovations in design greatly reduced death losses, broken wings and bruises. Cattle live healthier, happier and more active lives. The Five Freedoms: Freedom from Hunger and Thirst - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour. (4) To inspect and photograph the facilities, property and animals, as the APHIS officials consider necessary to enforce the Act, regulations and standards. The Animal Welfare Act 2006 (the 2006 Act) is the principal law relating to animal welfare. Because of how expensive animal testing is some companies even go as far as to breed animals specifically for testing so they can sell them for a high price. Alternatively, you can use APHIS'sonlineAnimal Welfare Complaint form. However, as the United States population of mans best friend increases up to nearly 80 million, so does the different forms of abuse (Pets by). To learn more about certification programs, visitAWIC'sCertification Programspage. A copy of such certification shall accompany the shipment to destination. As a library service, AWIC provides information, products and services related to the improved care and use of animals in research, testing, and teaching as . Section 3.89 Food and water requirements. Not finding what you're looking for or need help searching within the AWA regulations? No person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations shall offer for transportation, or transport, any live guinea pig or hamster in a primary enclosure that does not conform to the requirements in section 3.36. Section 2.5 Duration of license and termination of license. In the United States, there are many laws in place to prevent the mistreatment of animals, but one of the most harmful ways of abusing animals is not only legal, but considered by many to be completely justified. 5. Section 2.31(d) requires the IACUC to review the activities involving animals to determine that the proposed activities, or proposed significant changes in ongoing activities, are in accordance with regulations. Government intervention shall decrease the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of animal welfare. Primary enclosures must be clearly marked in English on the top and on one or more sides with the words "Wild Animals", or "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position of the primary enclosure. (b) Any dealer, research facility or exhibitor offering any dog or cat to a carrier or intermediate handler for transportation must securely attach to the outside of the primary enclosure used for transporting the dog or cat, written instructions for the in-transit food and water requirements for a 24 hour period for the dogs and cats contained in the enclosure. Select "list of persons licensed or registered under the Animal Welfare Act". Costs, benefits and ethics of animal welfare. The certificate shall include the information required by section 3.136 (c)(1)-(4). If you have concerns about zoos or zoo animals, contact the APHISregional officeresponsible for the geographic area where the zoo is located. The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) was signed into law in 1966. The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. improve welfare and reduce losses in poultry. Transfer of animals by way of sale or prize to persons under 16 12. Section 3.13 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. I believe that animal testing is beneficial because it provides opportunities to improve the lives of both humans and animals. 587 Words 3 Pages Good Essays Inaccurate Animal Testing (Sect.2.125). Animal experimentation is cruel but necessary for the survival of both human beings and animals. Simply stated, critics arguments that lab animals are protected by federal law is a manipulated version of the story: society's only efforts to protect animals are tepid attempts as we allow lab animals to be tortured without any compensation. (f) Primary enclosures used to transport marine mammals . shall be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animal" or "Wild Animal" . in letters not less than 1 inch in height, and with arrows or other markings, t o indicate the correct upright position of the container. (a) "No dealer, exhibitor, broker, operator of an auction sale, carrier, or intermediate handler shall, for a period of one year, destroy or dispose of, without consent in writing of the Administrator, any books, records, documents, or other paper s required to be kept and maintained under this part." Section 2.76 Records: Operators of auction sales and brokers. Official websites use .gov The AWA has been amended numerous times since its original passage in 1966. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. (a) No dealer, exhibitor, operator of an auction sale, broker, or department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States or any State or local government shall deliver to an intermediate handler or carrier for transport, or shall transport, in commerce, any dog, cat, or nonhuman primate unless such animal is accompanied by a health certificate executed and issued by a licensed veterinarian in accordance with the requirements of section 2.78. These requirements are found in Title 9 CFR, Chapter 1, Subchapter A - Animal Welfare, Parts 1, 2, and 3. (a) "If any dealer or exhibitor obtains prior approval of the AC Regional Director, he may arrange to have another person hold animals for the required period provided for in paragraph (a) of section 2.101:Provided,That:" (Sect.2.102 (a)). In a first of its kind, the Government has today published an action plan for animal welfare that will revolutionise the treatment of animals in the UK and . Animal Husbandry is the agricultural practice of raising livestock for profit to humans in different ways. After all, humans and certain species are extremely different, resulting in tests that are inconclusive. Not sure where to start in our digital collection? The person responsible for the animal commits an offence if they cause it " unnecessary physical or mental suffering " and failing to meet their "needs". Most welfare programs are not designed to be a long-term income solution. (c) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless the consignor certifies in writing to the carrier or intermediate handler that the dog or cat was offered food and water during the 4 hours before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler. Animal rights put a stop on such research, risking the lives of humans in the process. (Sect. Specifically, to be "protected" an animal must be determined to be under one of the following three scenarios: (a) of a kind . (Sect. The purpose of adopting these animals is to take benefit from them as a means of food or business. vehicles.For purposes of this Act, animal welfare pertains to the physical and psychological well-being of animals. Save animal lives Testing and experiments done on animals are not always reliable in certain situations. (b) "Guinea pigs shall not be housed in outdoor facilities unless such facilities are located in an appropriate climate and prior approval for such outdoor housing is obtained from the Deputy Administrator." (Sect. Shipping documents that must accompany shipments of dogs and catsmust be securely attached in a readily accessible manner to the outside of any primary enclosure that is a part of the shipment, in a manner that allows them to be detached for examination and securely reattached. The requirements for field studies are set forth in Parts 1 and 2 of 9 CFR (2022) and are indicated below. Sections. Walmart and McDonalds will be using only cage free eggs by 2025. Want a quick overview of the AWA and its amendments? (Sect. 2.8). 2. The instructions must be attached in a manner that makes them easily noticed and read. List of the Advantages of Welfare 1. (Sect.2.40 (a)(1)). A necropsy report must be prepared by the veterinarian listing all pathologic lesions observed and giving the apparent cause of death. (Sect.2.75 (a) (b)). Should we continue experimenting new drug on these animals and make our life easy on their pain or should we for better meant for our society practice and observe new drug on these animals. The, Food Security Act of 1985. Even when there are other possible ways of experimenting without the use of animals, they are almost never practiced. Increased economic output: Greater trade increased economic output. The other people would say that the most efficient way goes against the animal's welfare. (Sect.2.126 (a)(3)). Animals are biologically similar to humans. There are animal welfare benefits to consider. (h) Accompanying documents and records. So, there really is no need to use animals for testing or hurt them in the process. (Sect.2.126 (a)(1)). (Sect. 95% of animals used in experiments are not protected by the federal Animal Welfare Act (AWA), which excludes birds, rats and mice bred for research, and cold-blooded animals such as reptiles and most fish. (Sect. Intensive farming is less ethical than free range farming due to poorer animal welfare. After all, pain leads to production losses which have major economic repercussions. Dealers and exhibitors must develop, document, and follow an appropriate plan to provide dogs with the opportunity for exercise. Advancement of agricultural research. Experiments can take place to determine if a product or idea will work as intended. In the context of applications of genetic engineering in human life, misuse of this technology in the production of biological warfare or weapons is a very major disadvantage. It is an advantage that results obtained in preclinical imaging can be transferred relatively easily to testing in voluntary subjects. Nowadays, consumers are placing more attention to their consumption of animal product. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, teaching, testing, exhibition, transport, and by dealers. Learn. 3.89 (b)). Test. The standards are set at the limit of what is achievable, in terms of animal husbandry and commercial viability, and aim to deliver improved animal welfare above and beyond 'standard' or typical UK production. Many different animals are used in scientific studies such as rabbits, mice, primates, dogs, cats, pigs, and cows. (c) Carriers or intermediate handlers whose facilities fail to meet the minimum temperatures allowed by the standards may accept.any live rabbit.if the consignor furnishes to the carrier or intermediate handler a certificate executed by a veterinarian.on a specified date which shall not be more than 10 days prior to delivery of such rabbit for transportation.stating that such live rabbit is acclimated to air temperatures lower than those prescribed in sections 3.65 and 3.66. It performs a significant role in improving the welfare of humans, for example: 1. It includes, but not limited to, the avoidance of abuse, maltreatment, cruelty and exploitation of animals by humans by maintaining (Sect. Animal-testing is the use of non-human animals in research and development projects, especially for purposes of determining the safety of substances, such as foods, beauty products, and/or drugs. This will prompt you to download a spreadsheet listing all licensees and registrants under the AWA. Since there were initiatives to protect laboratory animals it took many years until there was a national law to protect laboratory animals in the U.S. author of the book, Nol Sweeney, has been practising as. The completed application, the application fee indicated in section 2.1 (d) and the annual license fee indicated in table 1 or 2 of section 2.6 are to be filed with the APHIS, AC Regional Director. Generally, Animal Care (AC) ensures regulatory compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) primarily through the use of inspections. The Animal Welfare Act establishes requirements concerning the transportation, sale, and handling of certain animals and includes restrictions on the importation of dogs for purposes of resale, prohibitions on animal fighting ventures, and provisions intended to prevent the theft of personal pets. (b) Any person who is licensed must file an application for a license renewal and an annual report form and pay the required fees, on or before the expiration date of the present license or the license will automatically terminate on its anniversary date. The disadvantage with animal rights is that it equates animal life with human life. Advantage of having the Forest Right Act Forest conservation supports life on earth. 2.7 (a)). Animal welfare during dry times Animal welfare considerations are critical when managing stock during dry times. Any person subject to the Animal Welfare regulations (9 CFR parts 1, 2 and 3) must not transport or deliver for transport in commerce a dog or cat unless the following requirements are met: (a) (6) The primary enclosure is to be clearly marked on top and on one or more sides with the words "Live Animals", in letters at least 1 inch high, and with arrows or other markings to indicate the correct upright position. The 2006 Act has introduced an important and new concept for pet owners and those responsible for domestic animals, e.g. Advancement of animal nutrition research. (Sect. (Sect. 3.87 (f)). (b) One copy of the record shall be given to the consignor of each animal, one copy to the purchaser of each animal, and one copy shall be retained by the auction sale or broker. Premises Registration Step 2. Terms in this . There are countless other types of exploitation including: intentional torture, organized abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, experimentation, puppy mills, greyhound, The Animal Bill of Rights is a petition sponsored by the Animal Legal Defense Fund that protects animals from unnecessary suffering caused by humans. (a) "Each year, within 30 days prior to the expiration date of his or her license, a licensee shall file with the AC Regional Director an application for license renewal and annual report upon a form which the AC Regional Director will furnish him or her upon request." Although animal research plays a crucial role in experiments focused on disease treatments and preventions, it is cruel, inhumane, and should be stopped. 4 The agreement reduced and eliminated tariffs. 3.110 (d)). (Sect.3.81 (e)(3)). (Sect.2.102 (a)(2)). 3.112 (b)). Those who possess an ounce of compassion. It enumerates the right for animals to be free from cruel and unnecessary experiments. The certificate shall include at least the information required in section 3.136 (b)(1)-(4). Section 1 defines an "animal" as a vertebrate (other than a human) from the sub-phylum vertebrata of the phylum chordata. This effectively makes the use of animals as research subjects, for entertainment, clothing, food, and as beasts of burden prohibited. Section 3.112 Consignment to carriers and intermediate handlers. (Sect.3.8 (d)(1)). 1. (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a dog or cat for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area meets the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery of the animal , certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those required in sections 3.18 and 3.19 of this subpart. A copy of the certification must accompany the dog or cat to its destination and must include the information required in section 3.13 (e)(1)-(4). Part 2 Public Laws, Farms and Agricultural Production Systems, Natural Resources, Conservation, and Environment, Read Other Publications in Our Collection, Rules of Practice Governing Proceedings under the Animal Welfare Act, Animal Welfare Act Quick Reference Guides, Animal Welfare Audit and Certification Programs, Animal Care Inspection Guide [pdf, 309 pages]. The records shall be in accordance with sections 2.75 and 2.76 unless the animals are lost or stray. (1) "The other person agrees in writing to comply with the regulations in part 2 and the standards in part 3 of this subchapter and allow inspection of his premises by an APHIS official during business hours; and" (Sect.2.102 (a)(1)). However, it can be done in a way that caters for good animal welfare and according to the 3R principles. (e) Carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a nonhuman primate for transport in commerce unless their animal holding area facilities meet the minimum temperature requirements provided in sections 3.91 and 3.92, or unless the consignor provides them with a certificate signed by a veterinarian and dated no more than 10 days before delivery to the carrier or intermediate handler, certifying that the animal is acclimated to temperatures lower than those that are required in sections 3.91 and 3.92.A copy of the certification must accompany the nonhuman primate to its destination and must include the information set forth in section 3.86 (e)(1)-(5) for each primary enclosure. Social costs of livestock farming and increase the social costs of livestock farming and increase the social benefit of welfare! A -- animal welfare Act 2006 ( the 2006 Act has introduced an important and new concept pet... License and termination of license cage free eggs by 2025 Certified Humane certification Program, animal... Other purposes a necropsy report must be prepared by the veterinarian listing pathologic! Select `` list of persons licensed or registered under the animal welfare and according to the water to water... Dealers and exhibitors must develop, document, and cows wings and bruises a greater level of equality amongst,! Are required to meet the minimum standards of humaneanimalcare and treatment ) the animals are not designed be... Stock during dry times easily to Testing in voluntary subjects their consumption of animal welfare animals be... Required by section 3.136 ( b ) ( 4 ) and are indicated.... Eggs by 2025 can be transferred relatively easily to Testing in voluntary subjects of... This is in contrast to animal welfare Act ( AWA ) primarily through the use animals!, and other purposes and 2 of 9 CFR ( 2022 ) and are indicated below to provide with. 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