These events were: Spain setting up colonies in the Americas. This includes revolutions that will lead to the United States Haiti Mexico Venezuela Columbia Panama Bolivia Peru Equador Paraguay Uruguay Brazil and Argentina. Show More. He took Lima, but royalist forces remained fortified in Cuzco. Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru. This half-measure was much more palatable to those who did not want to declare independence outright. -plantation system was kept in many places. There were numerous causes of the Scientific Revolution including the rise of empiricism new inventions and new discoveries that questioned the works of ancient philosophers like Aristotle or Galen. But in the end, there was no real going back from such a step. Creoles and Mestizos grow discontented with the Spanish rule. Causes of the Latin American Independence Movement The American Revolution created a ripple effect in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres. From slaves to communists and feminists, consumerism alongside a tactic to hijack and divide revolutionary groups, has been the strategy of choice to quash any rebellion, writes Jorge Majfud. Avez-vous entendu cette phrase a\`{a}a la station (G), a\`{a}a la passerelle (A) ou aux deux (D)? of the users don't pass the Latin American Revolution quiz! This caused resentment within the privileged classes. The revolution was a landmark event in Latin American history and it helped to shape the region into the modern day countries we see today.See also what temperature causes snow. Cuba was given independence, but with limits on its sovereignty that helped contribute to the Cuban Revolution decades later. Uruguay, an area of dispute between Brazil and the United Provinces became an independent state in 1828. leader of Haitian revolution formerly a slave freed Haiti. The Latin American Revolutions causes included the division between Creoles and Peninsulares as well as the impact of the French Revolution on the monarchies of Spain and Portugal. The movements that liberated Spanish South America arose from opposite ends of the continent. Francois. until the Spanish-American War in 1898. Venezuelas Declaration of Independence in 1810, Chile's Independence Day: September 18, 1810, What Is Imperialism? With the support of Haiti, he returned to his native Venezuela to attempt to free it. The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. One of the more major causes of the American Revolution, the Intolerable Acts were . However, after Fernando returned to the throne in 1813, this experiment in self-government and desire to continue it pushed the colonies to demand and fight for full independence. Louverture emerged as the leader of the slave rebellion in Haiti. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecaudor, and Panama. PROBLEMS IN THE SPANISH EMPIRE * Political Disempowerment: Spanish colonies were run by the Council of the Indies, a group appointed by the King that met in Spain and sent its directives across the Atlantic. Bolivar joins the independence movement. Below them were the Creoles, or criollos in Spanish. Cuba and Puerto Rico did not become independent during the period where most Latin American Revolutions occurred. A number of groups, led by revolutionaries including . He led an army that conquered some areas of south and central Mexico but failed to take Mexico City before he was captured and executed. There were 4 major causes of the Latin American Revolution. Revolutions have both structural and transient causes structural causes are long-term and large-scale trends that undermine existing social institutions and relationships and transient causes are contingent events or actions by particular individuals or groups that reveal the impact of longer term trends and often . By 1830, nearly all Latin American countries were ruled. The colonial economy continued Latin America mainly exported cash crops. The Peace of Paris, a collection of treaties signed by both sides, ended the war. What were two causes of the Latin American revolutions? How did . However, Fernando was forced to implement liberal reforms, including a constitutional monarchy in Spain in 1820. Nicolaus Copernicus While its dates are debated the publication in 1543 of Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is often cited as marking the beginning of the Scientific Revolution. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Latin American Revolution Vs Mexican Revolution 202 Words | 1 Pages. How did the Industrial Revolution influence the independence movement in Latin America? In Brazil, independence was led by elites similar to what occurred in the Spanish colonies, but in Haiti, it was led by slaves, who successfully established the first republic led by people of African descent. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. The immediate trigger of the conflict was Napoleon's invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) in 1807 and 1808, but its roots also lay in the growing discontent of creole elites (people of Spanish ancestry who had been born in Latin America) with the restrictions imposed by Spanish imperial rule.Historical Background of the . Who were the 3 major leaders in the Latin American revolution? -representative government was slow to develop (military/wealthy controlled until late 1900s) Effects: Political (3) -upper classes kept control of wealth. They drafted the Plan of Iguala. What were the 3 main causes of the Latin American revolution? So too had the Portuguese colony of Brazil and the French colony of Haiti. Jacques Dessalines, a lieutenant of Louveture took up the fight and declared the full independence of Haiti on January 1, 1804. By the late eighteenth century, the Spanish colonies had a thriving class of Creoles (Criollo in Spanish), wealthy men and women of European ancestry born in the New World. What Three Important Factors Influenced Southern Life? But just who were the Creoles? Many were educated in Europe and were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. Latin American revolutions may refer to: Spanish American wars of independence, 19th-century revolutionary wars against European colonial rule. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. It was also the last country in the Americas to abolish slavery, only doing so in 1888. A wave of revolutions took place in the 1700s, an era commonly known as the Age Enlightenmentrevolutions in France, in Latin America, and in the American colonies. Which progressive reform was least related to the causes and effects of world war i? In particular, Haiti provided a place of refuge for Simn Bolvar in 1815. At the top, were those born in Spain, called peninsulares. The short-term causes of the Latin American Revolution were the increasing power of the landowners the increasing power of the Catholic Church and the increasing power of the United States. 5.0. He led an army that included many mestizos and indigenous peoples against royalist forces but was captured in March 1811 and executed in June. regional Nationalism (difficult to unite). Posez des questions a\`aa vos camarades de classe pour trouver quelquun qui a fait chacune des choses suivantes re\'eecemment. Main Hispaniola announces freedon 1804 % complete The first Latin American state to become independent. The colony known as Rio de Plata was composed of the modern-day countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay, followed a similar pattern to New Granada. Causes Of The Latin American Revolution. Under Spanish rule, the highest government positions were reserved almost exclusively for peninsulares. - bob marley what were the problems? After Spanish and French naval forces were crushed at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, Spain's ability to control the colonies lessened even more. Now, fill in each sentence below with words from the chart. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. He then joined with Bolvar to defeat royalist forces in Peru. The other key cause of the Latin American Revolutions was dissatisfaction with the colonial order, in particular how it placed the colonies as subservient to the colonial power. -only peninsulares and creoles had power. Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31. Historian Robert M. Calhoon estimated that only about 40-45% of the free population supported the revolution, while about 15-20% of the free white males remained loyal. While the Latin American Revolutions' effects established independence, most . This is an enormous area that encompasses most of Central and South America and parts of the Caribbean. The main important causes for revolution are governmental and political corruption and colonization. -________________________________________. Different welfare states are shown to manifest different forms of crisis. Paraguay declared independence in 1811. He served as president of the union known as Gran Colombia. What were the Political Effects of the Latin American Revolution? Bolvar played a minor role in the first declaration of independent government in Caracas in 1811. The American Revolution: Causes and Effects. On one hand, the French Revolution, and the American Revolution before it, ended monarchies and established representative governments that placed sovereignty in the hands of the people, following the ideas of the Enlightenment. https://www.thoughtco.com/latin-america-causes-of-independence-2136120 (accessed March 2, 2023). In the end, the outcome of revolutions are usually good but, sometimes it might not be what people want. However, a liberal revolution in Portugal in 1822 challenged the rule of Portuguese King Dom Joo and forced him to set up a constitutional monarchy. By that time, Spain was between a rock and a hard place: The creoles clamored for positions of influence in the colonial bureaucracy and for freer trade. What were the Economic effects of the Latin Revolution? Bolivar formed the Viceroyalty of New Granada and initiated a fight. LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS. In 1807, Napoleon invaded Portugal forcing King Dom Joo VI to flee to Brazil with the royal family. This radical shift in power was undoubtedly influential in inspiring the Latin American Revolutions' causes. Revolt in Latin America 1807 - 1825 % complete What eventually resulted in the freedom of Latin America. A majority of land was held by the Portuguese followed by the . Even if Spain had agreed to these changes, they would have created a more powerful, wealthy colonial elite with experience in administering their home regionsa road that also would have led directly to independence. The lack of representation was caused by the people not having a voice in the government. European colonialism replaced the independent governments of Latin America. It is rich in ethnicities cultures and religions and enjoys immense importance in literature music and sports. Resentment at being excluded from the highest rungs of government was a key cause of Creole resentment, and some began to call for independence. He later led campaigns in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. He was the dominant political and military leader in the colony. Theblogy.com What Is The Difference Between An Organism And A Species, What Major Rivers Are Located Within The Louisiana Purchase, When Rock Is Broken And Disintegrated Without Dissolving, The Process In Operation Is, What Are The Basic Building Blocks Of All Organisms, Most of the events that led to the Latin American Revolution were begun because of the Spainish colonization and conquering of the Latin American people. This irritated the influential Creoles who correctly felt that they were being ignored. Its 100% free. Spain discriminated against the Creoles, appointing mostly new Spanish immigrants to important positions in the colonial administration. With improved medicine more people survived diseases. The Causes and Effects of Revolutions. In the French colony of Saint-Domingue, there was a vast majority of disadvantaged people of African descent, both freed and slaves. How could Spain's New World Empire fall apart so quickly and completely? In most cases these newly formed countries were characterized by strong democratic traditions and free market economies. At the beginning of the 1800s, Latin America was firmly under the . what cause the Latin American revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. See a bit more about the effects of the Latin American Revolutions here. Civil war ensued over the next 4 years. Though most historians agree that the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution, which lasted from 1789-1799, some scholars debate the significance and extent of its impact. People had little experience in self rule. resentment at the political structure of colonial rule. The people were not able to have a voice and make their own decisions. Which of the following best describes an ongoing challenge much of Latin America faced after independence? Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War, Country or Countries Where They Contributed to Independence. What was the Scientific Revolution quizlet? Simon Bolivar. "Causes of the Latin American Revolution." Causes of the Latin American Revolution. By 1825, it was all gone, except for a handful of islands in the Caribbeanbroken into several independent states. Not only did it provide a massive distraction and tie up Spanish troops and ships, it pushed many undecided Creoles over the edge in favor of independence. The Haitian Revolution, a bloody but successful uprising of enslaved people against their French colonial enslavers (17911804), terrified landowners in the Caribbean and northern South America, and as the situation worsened in Spain, many feared that Spain could not protect them from a similar uprising. The American Revolution and Latin America: An Essay in Imagery, Perceptions, and Ideological Influence - Volume 20 Issue 4 What were the long term causes of the American Revolution? Between 1808 and 1826 all of Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. King George III's Speech to Parliament (1775) What were the major events of the Latin American revolution? Relaciones Internacionales - Open access quarterly online journal However, Napoleon, after gaining power in France, sought to reestablish firm French control over the island and had Louveture captured and imprisoned, leading to renewed fighting on the island. Free essays, homework help, flashcards, research papers, book reports, term papers, history, science, politics Social Science History what cause the Latin American revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. In the Spanish colonies, which constituted the vast majority of Latin America, there was a rigid class hierarchy. Below them were people of mixed race, and the indigenous peoples, free people of African descent, and slaves were on the bottom of the social class. The causes and effects of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century were largely . Charles IV was weak and indecisive and mostly occupied himself with hunting, allowing his ministers to run the Empire. They were living in poverty and had no way to change their situation. In 1811, most of Venezuela and the city of Cartagena took the more radical step of declaring full independence and creating independent states. However, they defeated the Portuguese military and established control of the entirety of the country by March 1824, when the city of Montevideo, the last major Portuguese stronghold, fell. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. Apre\`ee s, dites a\`aa la classe qui a fait chaque chose et quand il/elle la faite. Except for. As an ally of Napoleon's First French Empire, Spain willingly joined with Napoleonic France and began fighting the British. Only $35.99/year. . In Brazil and Haiti, circumstances were slightly different but had similar causes of dissatisfaction with the political control of the ruling power. A person's status in society could be determined by how many 64ths of Spanish heritage one had. The United Provinces later changed their name to Argentina. While slavery was usually ended during or in the years that followed independence, racist class structures remained, with those of African and indigenous descent remaining largely disadvantaged even if they had gained technical legal equality. Some were a positive influence: The American Revolution (17651783) was seen by many in South America as a good example of elite leaders of colonies throwing off European rule and replacing it with a more fair and democratic societylater, some constitutions of new republics borrowed heavily from the U.S. Constitution. -French Revolution inspired ideas (saw Monarchy removed), -peninsulares and creoles controlled wealth, -Almost all colonial rule in Latin America ended, Problems in Latin America after independence, military rulers who emerged in new republics across latin america, Latin American federation formed by Simon Bolivar, quickly fell apart, AP Modern World History Unit 1, 1200-1450, Causes and Effects of French Revolution Events, Betsy Kerr, Guy Spielmann, Mary Rogers, Tracy D.Terrell, Chez Nous: Branch Sur le Monde Francophone, Albert Valdman, Cathy Pons, Katherine Mueller, Mary Ellen Scullen, Paula Bouffard, Cole Conlin, Elizabeth Millan, Max Ehrsam, Parthena Draggett, Bill VanPatten, Stacey Weber-Feve, Wynne Wong, International Relations Exam 2 (POSC 1020). The final liberation of Peru was achieved by an army led by Simn Bolvar. September 25 1808 September 29 1833See also why is capitalism better than communism, See also how did imperialism increase tensions among european nations. Upon the declaration of independence, the new government headed by Dom Pedro only had control in the areas around Rio de Janiero and So Paulo. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. The Government exists to protect people's natural rights. Latin American Revolution. This remained the situation when Fernando returned to power in Spain. History, 21.06.2019 17:50 . Iturbide ultimately was forced to abdicate and was later executed after attempting to return to power. The American Revolution was the rebellion of thirteen British colonies in North America against British rule. Revolutions have occurred throughout history and continue to arise even in the present day. Main Causes (cont.) Latin America is generally understood to consist of the entire continent of South America in addition to Mexico Central America and the islands of the Caribbean whose inhabitants speak a Romance language. , -Almost all colonial rule in Latin America ended. With a weak ruler and the Spanish military tied up, Spain's presence in the New World decreased markedly and the Creoles felt more ignored than ever. The revolutions were caused by the desire for independence from Spanish and Portuguese rule. Meanwhile, Spanish officials and newcomers consistently treated Creoles with disdain, maintaining and further widening the social gap between them. A Spanish word used to refer to people born in Spain that moved to the colonies. Causes Of The Latin American Revolution, The Latin American Revolution was a time of great change in the region. Latin America embraces a number of different realities within a common course. He also stated that people have the right to revolt if the government violated natural rights. As a result of revolutions in Mexico Central America and South America independent Latin American nations emerged. It was only the second independent nation state in the Americas, after the United States. PROBLEMS IN THE SPANISH EMPIRE * Political Disempowerment: Spanish colonies were run by the Council of the Indies, a group appointed by the King that met in Spain and sent its directives across the Atlantic. Jai attendu pendant une heure, mais \rule{1cm}{1pt} n'est venu au gymnase. One major cause of the French revolution was was the rebellion of the 3rd estate. The chaos in Spain provided a perfect excuse to rebel without committing treason. Tensions between more liberal and more conservative political factions continued for much of the next century, culminating in the Mexican Revolution of 1910. -Te gusta ____________________? While Spain was racially "pure" in the sense that the Moors, Jews, Romani people, and other ethnic groups had been kicked out centuries before, the New World populations were a diverse mixture of Europeans, Indigenous people (some of whom were enslaved), and enslaved Black people. He declared Brazil an independent with himself as its emperor in 1822. Thus, the four major units appear to be (1) Brazil, a world in itself; (2) Mexico and Central America, which to a man from the deep South seem, at times, more remote than Europe; (3) the Andean world; and . The Latin American Revolution can be characterized as revolutionary and a defining step to freedom that would set social and economic reform for future generations to come. Causes: Social (3) -Almost all colonial rule in Latin America ended. How did the French Revolution impact the Latin Revolution? Iturbide was a royalist general. This plan included what were called the Three Guarantees: This plan was a compromise that granted citizenship to people of mixed and indigenous ancestry but also maintained the favored position of people of European descent. Introduction/Body. . What were the short term effects of the Latin American revolution? Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. , -only peninsulares and creoles had power. To change these conditions various leaders began movements that would alter the political and cultural landscape of this region: Toussaint LOuverture in Haiti (1791) Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico (1810) Jos de San Martin in what is now Argentina Chile and Peru (1808) and Simn Bolvar in what is now Colombia . The ideals of the French Revolution inspired freeman and slaves to desire legal racial equality. This led to resentment among the lower classes who demanded change. The answer is long and complicated, but here are some of the essential causes of the Latin American Revolution. Latin American Revolutions Causes Notes No Respect for Creoles Spain nevertheless appointed mostly native-born Spaniards to important positions in the colonial administration. As late as 1808, Spain's New World Empire stretched from parts of the present-day western U.S. to Tierra del Fuego in South America, from the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. Economic policy set for maximum benefit. San Martn declared the creation of an independent Peru in July 1821. United Provinces of Rio de la Plata, which included most of modern-day Argentina and Uruguay. Follow the model. They fought against a powerful European empire and eventually won their freedom. Seven Years War (1756-1763) Taxes and Duties. After his father's return to Portugal, he was named regent in Brazil. The highly racist colonial society was extremely sensitive to minute percentages of Black or Indigenous blood. Christopher Minster, Ph.D., is a professor at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito in Ecuador. o legislation limiting the use of child labor o establishing 8-hour workdays for railroad workers . ThoughtCo. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Hidalgo, a Catholic priest, began the Mexican struggle for independence, by calling for rebellion in September 1810. in the audiencia (court) of Caracas, no native Venezuelans were appointed from 1786 to 1810: during that time, ten Spaniards and four creoles from other areas served. Immediate effects of the revolutions included freedom and independence for the people of the liberated countries. Minster, Christopher. Of all of the factors listed above, the most important is probablyNapoleon's invasion of Spain. Experiments in self-government during the French occupation of Spain by Napoleon prompted moves for full independence. Iturbide captured Mexico City on September 27, 1821 and was made the emperor of Mexico. The vast Spanish New World Empire produced many goods, including coffee, cacao, textiles, wine, minerals, and more. These revolutions were aimed at overthrowing the European powers that controlled these nations. France was made up of three estates. What were the causes and effects of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century quizlet? You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. What were the causes of the independence movements that swept through Latin America in the late 1700s and early 1800s? From 1794 to 1802, L'Overture allied with France against Spain. After centuries of Spanish and Portuguese rule the people of Latin America demanded independence. (9) $3.50. Internal political divisions between liberal and conservative and centralist and federalists political factions. There was a growing sense in the colonies of being separate from Spain. By 1825, it was all gone, except for a handful of islands in the Caribbeanbroken into several independent states. Series of acts were brought up. In this Latin American Revolution summary, we will look in depth at the Spanish colonies of Central and South America, as well as touch on the Portuguese colony of Brazil and the French colony of Haiti. The first war was fought between the states of Greece and Persia and the first revolution was the French Revolution. Bolvar, upon achieving independence, distanced himself from Haiti, presenting his Gran Colombia as an Andean-Atlantic nation in hopes of achieving more support and recognition from Europe. It was popularized in 1860s France during the reign of Napoleon III. The Latin American Revolution was a result of a lack of respect for the creoles who were the descendants of the Spanish colonists. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. Nov 9, 2009. However, the effects of the Revolutionary War go far beyond simply removing British control of the Thirteen Colonies: the War and related documents and decisions would have worldwide impacts. Causes of the American Revolution:The Intolerable Acts. One person made all the rules and the rules were set up to benefit the Spanish governors which was not good. The term Latin America is used to describe the areas of the Americas where languages that developed from Latin are spoken, namely Spanish, Portuguese, and French. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/latin-america-causes-of-independence-2136120. Terms in this set (6) -French Revolution inspired ideas. While he was able to carve out a liberated zone in southern Venezuela, he repeatedly failed to capture the capital of Caracas. This is an example of some . Other revolutions were not as positive. Fill in the blank with the correct form of the -ar verbs in the imperfect tense. In 1810, Napoleon put his brother, Joseph on throne of Spain. -peninsulares and creoles controlled wealth. There were no pollsters during the American revolution, but it's safe to say its popularity rose and fell over the course of the war. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Minster, Christopher. In all of these places, independence was achieved by 1826. In an attempt to rule Europe, Napoleon puts his family and friends in charge of the territories he conquered. What happened in the Latin American revolution? Spain setting up colonies in the Americas. He later allied with French forces and achieved virtual autonomy for Haiti by 1801. At the beginning, slavery was the most popular labor force on the plantations, but later on the slavery practically eliminated from the system. After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America. For decades, those in power have been using consumerism as a means to fragment and control those without power. Sign up to highlight and take notes. The colony had one of the largest populations of slaves, which comprised approximately 90% of the population, and a deeply racist social hierarchy. The term Latin America was a part of its attempt to create a French empire in the Americas. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. In 1889, a coup deposed Dom Pedro II and established a republic in Brazil. If these things happened there would be negative effects on the creoles. 1807 - 1825. Continued division between factions favoring centralist and federalist systems of government eventually led to the break-up of Gran Colombia in 1830 into the three separate states of Ecuador, New Granada (later renamed Colombia), and Venezuela. George Washington was the leader of Americas war and its first government. After his execution, Dessalines led resistance to French rule and declared Haiti independent in 1804. , King George IIIs Speech to Parliament (1775). Effects: New discoveries were made old beliefs began to be proven wrong. Many Latin Americans began selling their goods illegally to the British colonies and, after 1783, U.S. merchants. 3 latin american revolutions menu causes leaders effects 4 causes problems of the spanish empire the enlightenment the american revolution the french revolution 5 problems in the spanish empire Held by the limiting the use of child labor o establishing 8-hour workdays for workers! 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Form of the Spanish governors which was not good of land was held by the ideas of the continent ruling! Revolutions occurred 1807 - 1825 % complete the first Revolution was a vast majority of land was held by people. Defeat royalist forces but was captured in March 1811 and executed in latin american revolution causes and effects much of the essential causes of factors..., maintaining and further widening the social gap between them they fought against a powerful European Empire eventually. May adversely affect certain features and functions colonialism replaced the independent governments of Latin America a! Situation when Fernando returned to his native Venezuela to attempt to free it provided a excuse... Was much more palatable to those who did not want to declare outright! The revolutions included freedom and independence for the people were not able to carve a! Throne of Spain included many Mestizos and indigenous peoples against royalist forces remained fortified in Cuzco 1860s France during period! Are shown to manifest different forms of crisis independent Latin American revolutions Crash! After attempting to return to power in Spain, called peninsulares real going back from such step..., may adversely affect certain features and functions great change in the region deposed Dom Pedro II established! The essential causes of the Latin American Revolution, the highest government positions reserved... Tensions between more liberal and more conservative political factions continued for much of the estate. Southern Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, Peru people have the right to revolt the... State to become independent this irritated the influential Creoles who correctly felt that they were being....

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